This article describes how to make a heat generator on your own.

The operating principle of a static heat generator and the results of its research are described in detail. Recommendations for its calculation and selection of components are given.

The idea of ​​creation

What to do if you don’t have enough money to purchase a heat generator? How to make it yourself? I'll tell you about own experience in this case.

We got the idea to make our own heat generator after getting acquainted with various types of heat generators. Their designs seemed quite simple, but not fully thought out.

There are two known designs of such devices: rotary and static. In the first case, a rotor is used to create cavitation, as you might guess from the name; in the second, the main element of the device is a nozzle. To make a choice in favor of one of the design options, let’s compare both designs.

Rotary heat generator

What is a rotary heat generator? In essence, it is a slightly modified centrifugal pump, That is, there is a pump housing (which in in this case is a stator) with inlet and outlet pipes, and a working chamber, inside of which there is a rotor that acts as an impeller. The main difference from a conventional pump is the rotor. There are a great many designs of vortex heat generator rotors, and of course we will not describe them all. The simplest of them is a disk, on the cylindrical surface of which many blind holes of a certain depth and diameter are drilled. These holes are called Griggs cells, named after the American inventor who was the first to test a rotary heat generator of this design. The number and dimensions of these cells are determined based on the size of the rotor disk and the rotational speed of the electric motor driving it into rotation. The stator (aka heat generator housing), as a rule, is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, i.e. a pipe plugged on both sides with flanges. In this case, the gap between the inner wall of the stator and the rotor is very small and amounts to 1...1.5 mm.

It is in the gap between the rotor and stator that the water is heated. This is facilitated by its friction on the surface of the stator and rotor, during the rapid rotation of the latter. And of course, cavitation processes and turbulence of water in the rotor cells play a significant role in heating water. The rotor rotation speed is usually 3000 rpm with a diameter of 300 mm. As the rotor diameter decreases, it is necessary to increase the rotation speed.

It is not difficult to guess that, despite its simplicity, such a design requires quite high manufacturing precision. And it is obvious that rotor balancing will be required. In addition, we have to solve the issue of sealing the rotor shaft. Naturally, sealing elements require regular replacement.

From the above it follows that the resource of such installations is not so great. In addition to everything else, the operation of rotary heat generators is accompanied by increased noise. Although they have 20-30% greater productivity in comparison with static heat generators. Rotary heat generators are even capable of producing steam. But is this an advantage for a short service life (compared to static models)?

Static heat generator

The second type of heat generator is called static. This is due to the absence of rotating parts in the cavitator design. To create cavitation processes they are used different kinds sniffled. The most commonly used is the so-called Laval nozzle

For cavitation to occur, it is necessary to ensure a high speed of fluid movement in the cavitator. For this, a conventional centrifugal pump is used. The pump builds up liquid pressure in front of the nozzle, it rushes into the nozzle opening, which has a significantly smaller cross-section than the supply pipeline, which ensures high speed at the nozzle exit. Due to the sharp expansion of the liquid at the exit of the nozzle, cavitation occurs. This is also facilitated by the friction of the liquid on the surface of the nozzle channel and the turbulence of the water that occurs when the jet suddenly pulls out of the nozzle. That is, water is heated for the same reasons as in a rotary heat generator, but with slightly less efficiency.

The design of a static heat generator does not require high precision manufacturing of parts. Mechanical restoration in the manufacture of these parts is reduced to a minimum in comparison with the rotor design. Due to the absence of rotating parts, the issue of sealing mating units and parts is easily resolved. Balancing is also not needed. The service life of the cavitator is significantly longer. (5-year warranty) Even if the nozzle reaches the end of its service life, manufacturing and replacing it will require significantly lower material costs (the rotary heat generator in such a case will essentially have to be manufactured anew).

Perhaps the most important disadvantage of a static heat generator is the cost of the pump. However, the cost of manufacturing a heat generator of this design is practically no different from rotary version, and if we remember about the service life of both installations, then this disadvantage will turn into an advantage, because if the cavitator is replaced, the pump does not need to be changed.

Thus, we will opt for a heat generator of a static design, especially since we already have a pump and will not have to spend money on its purchase.

Manufacturing of heat generator

Pump selection

Let's start with choosing a pump for the heat generator. To do this, let's determine its operating parameters. Whether this pump is a circulation pump or a pressure-increasing pump is of no fundamental importance. In the photo of Figure 6, a circulation pump with a Grundfos dry rotor is used. What matters is the operating pressure, pump performance, maximum permissible temperature pumped liquid.

Not all pumps can be used for pumping liquids high temperature. And, if you do not pay attention to this parameter when choosing a pump, its service life will be significantly less than that declared by the manufacturer.

The efficiency of the heat generator will depend on the amount of pressure developed by the pump. Those. the greater the pressure, the greater the pressure drop provided by the nozzle. As a result, the more efficient is the heating of the liquid pumped through the cavitator. However, you should not chase the maximum numbers in technical specifications pumps Already at a pressure in the pipeline in front of the nozzle equal to 4 atm, an increase in water temperature will be noticeable, although not as fast as at a pressure of 12 atm.

The performance of the pump (the volume of liquid it pumps) has virtually no effect on the efficiency of water heating. This is due to the fact that in order to ensure a pressure drop in the nozzle, we make its cross-section significantly smaller than the nominal diameter of the circuit pipeline and pump nozzles. The flow rate of liquid pumped through the cavitator will not exceed 3...5 m3/h, because All pumps can provide the highest pressure only at the lowest flow rate.

The power of the heat generator working pump will determine the conversion coefficient electrical energy to thermal. Read more about the energy conversion factor and its calculation below.

When choosing a pump for our heat generator, we relied on our experience with Warmbotruff installations (this heat generator is described in the article about the eco-house). We knew that the heat generator we installed used a WILO IL 40/170-5.5/2 pump (see Fig. 6). This is an Inline dry rotor circulation pump with a power of 5.5 kW, a maximum operating pressure of 16 atm, providing a maximum head of 41 m (i.e., it provides a pressure drop of 4 atm). Similar pumps are produced by other manufacturers. For example, Grundfos produces an analogue of such a pump - this is model TP 40-470/2.

Figure 6 - Working pump of the heat generator “Warmbotruff 5.5A”

And yet, having compared the performance characteristics of this pump with other models produced by the same manufacturer, we chose the high-pressure centrifugal multistage pump MVI 1608-06/PN 16. This pump provides more than twice the pressure, with the same engine power, although it costs almost 300 € more.

Currently available great opportunity save money by using the Chinese equivalent. After all, Chinese pump manufacturers are constantly improving the quality of counterfeits worldwide. famous brands and expand the range. The cost of Chinese “grundfos” is often several times less, while the quality is not always as much worse, and sometimes is not much inferior.

Development and production of cavitator

What is a cavitator? Exists great amount designs of static cavitators (you can verify this on the Internet), but in almost all cases they are made in the form of a nozzle. As a rule, the Laval nozzle is taken as a basis and modified by the designer. The classic Laval nozzle is shown in Fig. 7.

The first thing you should pay attention to is the cross-section of the channel between the diffuser and the confuser.

Do not narrow its cross-section too much, trying to ensure maximum pressure drop. Of course, when water leaves a small cross-section hole and enters the expansion chamber, the greatest degree of rarefaction will be achieved, and, consequently, more active cavitation. Those. The water will heat up to a higher temperature in one pass through the nozzle. However, the volume of water pumped through the nozzle will be too small, and, mixing with cold water, it will not transfer enough heat to it. Thus, the total volume of water will heat up slowly. In addition, the small cross-section of the channel will contribute to the airing of water entering the inlet pipe of the working pump. As a result, the pump will operate more noisily and cavitation may occur in the pump itself, and these are already undesirable phenomena. Why this happens will become clear when we consider the design of the hydrodynamic circuit of the heat generator.

The best performance is achieved with a channel opening diameter of 8-15 mm. In addition, the heating efficiency will also depend on the configuration of the nozzle expansion chamber. So we move on to the second important point in the design of the nozzle - expansion chamber.

Which profile should you choose? Moreover, this is not all possible options nozzle profiles. Therefore, in order to determine the design of the nozzle, we decided to resort to mathematical modeling of the fluid flow in them. I will present some results of modeling the nozzles shown in Fig. 8.

The figures show that these nozzle designs allow cavitation heating of liquids pumped through them. They show that when liquid flows, zones of high and low pressure, which cause the formation of cavities and its subsequent collapse.

As can be seen from Figure 8, the nozzle profile can be very different. Option a) is essentially a classic Laval nozzle profile. Using such a profile, you can vary the opening angle of the expansion chamber, thereby changing the characteristics of the cavitator. Usually the value is in the range of 12...30°. As can be seen from the velocity diagram in Fig. 9 such a nozzle provides the highest speed of fluid movement. However, a nozzle with such a profile provides the lowest pressure drop (see Fig. 10). The greatest turbulence will be observed already at the exit from the nozzle (see Fig. 11).

Obviously, option b) will more effectively create a vacuum when liquid flows out of the channel connecting the expansion chamber to the compression chamber (see Fig. 9). The speed of liquid flow through this nozzle will be the smallest, as evidenced by the speed diagram shown in Fig. 10. Turbulence resulting from the passage of liquid through the nozzle of the second option, in my opinion, is the most optimal for heating water. The appearance of a vortex in the flow begins already at the entrance to the intermediate channel, and at the exit from the nozzle the second wave of vortex formation begins (see Fig. 11). However, such a nozzle is a little more difficult to manufacture, because you will have to grind out a hemisphere.

Profile nozzle c) is a simplified previous version. It was to be expected that the last two options would have similar characteristics. But the pressure change diagram shown in Fig. 9 indicates that the difference will be the largest of the three options. The speed of the fluid flow will be higher than in the second version of the nozzle and lower than in the first (see Fig. 10). The turbulence that occurs when water moves through this nozzle is comparable to the second option, but the formation of a vortex occurs differently (see Fig. 11).

I have given as an example only the most easy-to-manufacture nozzle profiles. All three options can be used when designing a heat generator and it cannot be said that one of the options is correct and the others are not. You can experiment with different nozzle profiles yourself. To do this, it is not necessary to immediately make them from metal and conduct a real experiment. This is not always justified. First, you can analyze the nozzle you have invented in any of the programs that simulate fluid movement. I used the COSMOSFloWorks app to analyze the nozzles pictured above. Simplified version this application is part of the SolidWorks computer-aided design system.

In the experiment to create our own heat generator model, we used a combination of simple nozzles (see Fig. 12).

There are much more sophisticated design solutions, but I don’t see the point in presenting them all. If you are really interested in this topic, you can always find other cavitator designs on the Internet.

Manufacturing of a hydrodynamic circuit

After we have decided on the design of the nozzle, we move on to the next stage: the manufacture of the hydrodynamic circuit. To do this, you must first sketch out a circuit diagram. We made it very simple by drawing a diagram on the floor with chalk (see Fig. 13)

1. Pressure gauge at the nozzle outlet (measures the pressure at the nozzle outlet).
2. Thermometer (measures the temperature at the entrance to the system).
3. Air vent valve(Removes air lock from the system).
4. Outlet pipe with tap.
5. Thermometer sleeve.
6. Entrance duct with tap.
7. Sleeve for thermometer at the inlet.
8. Pressure gauge at the nozzle inlet (measures the pressure at the inlet to the system).

Now I will describe the circuit design. It is a pipeline, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet pipe of the pump, and the outlet to the inlet. A nozzle 9 is welded into this pipeline, pipes for connecting pressure gauges 8 (before and after the nozzle), sleeves for installing a thermometer 7.5 (we did not weld threads for the sleeves, but simply welded them), a fitting for the air vent valve 3 (we We used an ordinary Sharkran, fittings for the control valve and fittings for connecting the heating circuit.

In the diagram I drew, the water moves counterclockwise. Water is supplied to the circuit through the lower pipe (sharkran with a red flywheel and check valve), and water is dispensed from it, respectively, through the upper one (sharkran with a red flywheel). The pressure difference is regulated by a valve located between the inlet and outlet pipes. In the photo fig. 13 it is only shown in the diagram and does not lie next to its designation, because we have already screwed it onto the leads, having previously wound the seal (see Fig. 14).

To make the circuit, we took a DN 50 pipe, because... The pump connecting pipes have the same diameter. In this case, the inlet and outlet pipes of the circuit to which it is connected heating circuit, we made it from a DN 20 pipe. You can see what we got in the end in Fig. 15.

The photo shows a pump with a 1 kW motor. Subsequently, we replaced it with the 5.5 kW pump described above.

The view, of course, was not the most aesthetically pleasing, but we did not set ourselves such a task. Perhaps one of the readers will ask why the contour size is so large, because it can be made smaller? We intend to somewhat disperse the water due to the length of the pipe in front of the nozzle. If you search the Internet, you will probably find images and diagrams of the first models of heat generators. Almost all of them worked without nozzles. The effect of heating the liquid was achieved by accelerating it to fairly high speeds. For this purpose, cylinders were used small height With tangential entry And coaxial output.

We did not use this method to accelerate water, but decided to make our design as simple as possible. Although we have thoughts on how to accelerate the fluid with this circuit design, more on that later.

In the photo, the pressure gauge in front of the nozzle and the adapter with a sleeve for the thermometer, which is mounted in front of the water meter, have not yet been screwed in (at that time it was not yet ready). All that remains is to install the missing elements and proceed to the next stage.

Starting the heat generator

I think there is no point in talking about how to connect the pump motor and heating radiator. Although we did not approach the issue of connecting the electric motor in a completely standard way. Since at home a single-phase network is usually used, and industrial pumps are produced with a three-phase motor, we decided to use a frequency converter , designed for single-phase network. This also made it possible to increase the pump rotation speed above 3000 rpm. and then find the resonant rotation frequency of the pump.

To parameterize the frequency converter, we need a laptop with a COM port for parameterizing and controlling the frequency converter. The converter itself is installed in a control cabinet, where heating is provided in winter conditions operation and ventilation for summer conditions operation. To ventilate the cabinet we used a standard fan, and to heat the cabinet we use a 20 W heater.

The frequency converter allows you to adjust the pump frequency over a wide range, both below the main one and above the main one. The engine frequency can be increased no higher than 150%.

In our case, you can increase the engine speed to 4500 rpm.

You can briefly raise the frequency higher to 200%, but this leads to mechanical overload of the motor and increases the likelihood of its failure. In addition, using a frequency converter, the motor is protected from overload and short circuit. Also, the frequency converter allows you to start the engine with given time acceleration, which limits the acceleration of the pump blades at startup and limits starting currents engine. The frequency converter is installed in wall cabinet(see Fig. 16).

All controls and indication elements are located on the front panel of the control cabinet. The system operating parameters are displayed on the front panel (on the MTM-RE-160 device).

The device has the ability to record readings from 6 different channels of analog signals throughout the day. In this case, we record the temperature readings at the system inlet, the temperature readings at the system outlet, and the pressure parameters at the system inlet and outlet.

The setting for the speed of the main pump is carried out using MTM-103 devices; green and yellow buttons are used to start and stop the engines of the working pump of the heat generator and circulation pump. We plan to use a circulation pump to reduce energy consumption. After all, when the water heats up to set temperature, circulation is still necessary.

When using a Micromaster 440 frequency converter, you can use special program Starter by installing it on the laptop (see Fig. 18).

First, the initial engine data written on the nameplate (a plate with the factory parameters of the engine attached to the engine stator) is entered into the program. Such data includes

• Rated Power R kW,
• Rated current I nom.,
• Cosine,
• Engine's type,
• Rated rotation speed N nom.

After this, auto-detection of the motor starts and the frequency converter itself determines required parameters engine. After this, the pump is ready for operation.

Heat generator test

Once the installation is connected, you can begin testing. We start the electric motor of the pump and, observing the readings of the pressure gauges, set the required pressure drop. For this purpose, a valve is provided in the circuit, located between the inlet and outlet pipes. By turning the valve handle, we set the pressure in the pipeline after the nozzle in the range of 1.2…1.5 atm. In the section of the circuit between the nozzle inlet and the pump outlet, the optimal pressure will be in the range of 8…12 atm.

The pump was able to provide us with a pressure at the nozzle inlet of 9.3 atm. Having set the pressure at the outlet of the nozzle to 1.2 atm, we let the water flow in a circle (closed the outlet valve) and noted the time. As water moved along the circuit, we recorded a temperature increase of approximately 4°C per minute. Thus, after 10 minutes we have already heated the water from 21°C to 60°C. Contour volume s installed pump amounted to almost 15 liters. Electricity consumption was calculated by measuring the current. From these data we can calculate the energy conversion ratio.

KPI = (C*m*(Tk-Tn))/(3600000*(Qk-Qn));

• C - specific heat capacity of water, 4200 J/(kg*K);
• m is the mass of heated water, kg;
• Tn - initial water temperature, 294° K;
• Tk - final water temperature, 333° K;
• Qn - initial electric meter readings, 0 kWh;
• Qк - final electric meter readings, 0.5 kWh.

Let's substitute the data into the formula and get:

KPI = (4200*15*(333-294))/(3600000*(0.5-0)) = 1.365

This means that by consuming 5 kWh of electricity, our heat generator produces 1,365 times more heat, namely 6,825 kWh. Thus, we can safely assert the validity of this idea. This formula does not take into account the engine efficiency, which means that the actual transformation ratio will be even higher.

When calculating the thermal power required to heat our house, we proceed from the generally accepted simplified formula. According to this formula, when standard height ceiling (up to 3 m), for our region we need 1 kW of thermal power for every 10 m2. Thus, for our house with an area of ​​10x10 = 100 m2 we will need 10 kW of thermal power. Those. one heat generator with a power of 5.5 kW is not enough to heat this house, but this is only at first glance. If you haven’t forgotten yet, to heat the room we are going to use a “warm floor” system, which saves up to 30% of energy consumed. It follows from this that the 6.8 kW of thermal energy generated by the heat generator should be just enough to heat the house. In addition, subsequent connection heat pump and a solar collector will allow us to further reduce energy costs.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to propose one controversial idea for discussion.

I have already mentioned that in the first heat generators, water was accelerated by imparting rotational motion to it in special cylinders. You know that we did not go this way. And yet for increasing efficiency It is necessary that in addition to translational motion, water also acquires rotational motion. At the same time, the speed of water movement increases noticeably. A similar technique is used in competitions to quickly drink a bottle of beer. Before drinking it, the beer in the bottle is thoroughly swirled. And the liquid pours out through a narrow neck much faster. And we came up with an idea on how we could try to do this without practically changing the existing design of the hydrodynamic circuit.

To give the water rotational motion we will use stator asynchronous motor With squirrel-cage rotor water passed through the stator must first be magnetized. For this you can use a solenoid or permanent ring magnet. I’ll tell you what came out of this idea later, because now, unfortunately, there is no opportunity to do experiments.

We also have ideas on how to improve our nozzle, but we will talk about this too after experiments and patenting if they are successful.

Various ways to save energy or obtain free electricity remain popular. Thanks to the development of the Internet, information about all kinds of “miracle inventions” is becoming more accessible. One design, having lost popularity, is replaced by another.

Today we will look at the so-called vortex cavitation generator - a device whose inventors promise us highly efficient room heating in which it is installed. What it is? This device uses the effect of heating a liquid during cavitation - a specific effect of the formation of microbubbles of steam in areas of local pressure reduction in the liquid, which occurs either when the pump impeller rotates or when the liquid is exposed to sound vibrations. If you have ever used an ultrasonic bath, you may have noticed how its contents noticeably heat up.

Articles about vortex generators rotary type, the operating principle of which is to create areas of cavitation when an impeller of a specific shape rotates in a liquid. Is this solution viable?

Let's start with theoretical calculations. In this case, we spend electricity to operate the electric motor (average efficiency - 88%), and partially spend the resulting mechanical energy on friction in the seals of the cavitation pump, and partially on heating the liquid due to cavitation. That is, in any case, only part of the wasted electricity will be converted into heat. But if you remember that the efficiency of a conventional heating element is from 95 to 97 percent, it becomes clear that there will be no miracle: much more expensive and complex vortex pump will be less effective than a simple nichrome spiral.

It can be argued that when using heating elements, it is necessary to introduce additional circulation pumps into the heating system, while a vortex pump can pump the coolant itself. But, oddly enough, pump creators are struggling with the occurrence of cavitation, which not only significantly reduces the efficiency of the pump, but also causes its erosion. Consequently, a heat generator pump must not only be more powerful than a specialized transfer pump, but will also require the use of more advanced materials and technologies to provide a comparable resource.

Structurally, our Laval nozzle will look like a metal pipe with pipe thread at the ends, allowing it to be connected to the pipeline using threaded couplings. To make the pipe you will need a lathe.

• The shape of the nozzle itself, or more precisely, its output part, may differ in design. Option “a” is the easiest to manufacture, and its characteristics can be varied by changing the angle of the outlet cone within 12-30 degrees. However, this type of nozzle provides minimal resistance to fluid flow, and, consequently, the least cavitation in the flow.
• Option “b” is more difficult to manufacture, but due to the maximum pressure drop at the nozzle outlet it will also create the greatest flow turbulence. The conditions for the occurrence of cavitation in this case are optimal.
• Option “c” is a compromise in terms of manufacturing complexity and efficiency, so it’s worth choosing it.

In heating a private home or production premises Various schemes for generating heat energy are used.

One of them is cavitation generators, which will allow you to heat rooms at lower costs.

For self-assembly When installing such a device, you need to understand the operating principle and technological nuances.

Physical Basics

Cavitation is the formation of steam in a mass of water with a slow decrease in pressure and high speed.

Vapor bubbles can arise under the influence of a sound wave of a certain frequency or radiation from a coherent light source.

During the mixing process of vapor voids with water under pressure leads to the spontaneous collapse of bubbles and the occurrence of water movement of impact force (it is written about the calculation of hydraulic shock in pipelines).

Under such conditions, molecules of dissolved gases are released into the resulting cavities.

As the cavitation process progresses, the temperature inside the bubbles rises to 1200 degrees.

This negatively affects materials water containers, since oxygen at such temperatures begins to intensively oxidize the material.

Experiments have shown that under such conditions even alloys of precious metals are subject to destruction.

Making a cavitation generator yourself is quite simple. The well-studied technology has been embodied in materials and used for space heating for several years.

In Russia, the first device was patented in 2013.

The generator was a closed container through which water was supplied under pressure. Vapor bubbles are formed under the influence of an alternating electromagnetic field.

Advantages and disadvantages

A cavitation water heater is a simple device that converts liquid energy into heat.

This technology has advantages:

• efficiency;
• fuel economy;
• availability.

The heat generator is assembled with your own hands from components, which can be purchased at a hardware store ().

Such a device, in terms of parameters, will not differ from the factory models.

The disadvantages are:

IMPORTANT!
To control the speed of fluid movement, use special devices, capable of slowing down the movement of water.

Operating principles

The work process takes place simultaneously in two phases environment:

• liquids,
• pair.

Pumping devices are not designed to operate in such conditions, which leads to the collapse of cavities with loss of efficiency.

Heat generators mix phases, causing thermal conversion.

Heaters for household use convert mechanical energy into thermal energy with the return of the liquid to the source (about the boiler indirect heating with recycling read on page).

The patent was not obtained, since there is still no precise rationale for the process.

In practice, devices designed by Schauberger and Lazarev are used.

The drawings of Larionov, Fedoskin and Petrakov are used to create the generator.

Before starting work, a pump is selected(read the article on how to calculate the circulation for a heating system).

The following parameters are taken into account:

• power;
• required amount of thermal energy;
• the amount of pressure.

Most models are made in the form of nozzles, which is explained by ease of modernization, practicality, and greater power.

The hole between the diffuser and the confuser should have a diameter of 8-15 centimeters. With a smaller cross section we get high pressure, but low power.

The heat generator has an expansion chamber, the size of which is calculated based on the required power.

Design Features

Despite the simplicity of the device, there are features that must be taken into account during assembly:

Heat calculations are made using the following formulas:

Epot = - 2*Ekin, where

Ekin = mV2/2 – unstable kinetic quantity.

DIY cavitation generator assembly will allow you to save not only on fuel, but also on the purchase of serial models.

The production of such heat generators has been established in Russia and abroad.

The devices have many advantages, but main drawback– cost – reduces them to nothing. average price for a household model is about 50-55 thousand rubles.

Conclusion

By independently assembling a cavitation heat generator, we obtain a device with high efficiency.

For correct operation of the device, it is necessary to protect the metal parts by painting. It is better to make parts that come into contact with liquid thick-walled, which will increase service life.

Watch the video provided clear example operation of a homemade cavitation heat generator.

To ensure maximum economical heating, home owners use various systems. We propose to consider how a cavitation heat generator works, how to make the device with your own hands, as well as its structure and circuit.

Pros and cons of cavitation energy sources

Cavitation heaters are simple devices, which convert the mechanical energy of the working fluid into thermal energy. In fact, this device comprises centrifugal pump(for bathrooms, wells, water supply systems of private houses), which has a low efficiency indicator. Energy conversion in cavitation heater is widely used in industrial enterprises, where heating elements can be damaged if they come into contact with a working fluid that has a serious temperature difference.

Photo – Design of a cavitation heat generator

Pros of the device:

1. Efficiency;
2. Economical heat supply;
3. Availability;
4. You can assemble it yourself home appliance production of thermal energy. As practice shows, homemade device It is not inferior in quality to the one purchased.

Disadvantages of the generator:

1. Noisiness;
2. It is difficult to obtain materials for production;
3. Power is too big for small room up to 60-80 square meters, a household generator is easier to buy;
4. Even mini-devices take up a lot of space (on average, at least one and a half meters of room).

Video: device of a cavitation heat generator

Principle of operation

"Cavitation" refers to the formation of bubbles in a liquid, thus Working wheel operates in a mixed phase (liquid and gas bubble period) of the environment. Pumps, as a rule, are not designed for mixed phase flow (their operation destroys bubbles, causing the cavitation generator to lose efficiency). These thermal devices are designed to induce mixed phase flow as part of fluid mixing, resulting in thermal conversion.

Photo – Heat generator drawing

In commercial cavitation heaters, mechanical energy drives the input energy heater (eg, motor, control unit), causing the fluid that produces the output energy to return to the source. This storage converts mechanical energy into thermal energy with little loss (typically less than 1 percent), so conversion errors are taken into account when converting.

A supercavitation jet energy generator works a little differently. Such a heater is used in powerful enterprises when thermal energy output is transferred to the fluid in a certain device, its power significantly exceeds the amount of mechanical energy required to operate the heater. These devices are more energy efficient than return mechanisms, in particular because they do not require regular checks and settings.

Exist different types such generators. The most common type is the rotary hydrodynamic Griggs mechanism. Its operating principle is based on the operation of a centrifugal pump. It consists of pipes, a stator, a housing and a working chamber. On this moment There are many upgrades, the simplest is a rotary drive or disk (spherical) water pump. It consists of a disk surface in which many various holes blind type (no output), data structural elements called Griggs cells. Their dimensional parameters and number directly depend on the rotor power, the design of the heat generator and the drive speed.

Photo – Griggs hydrodynamic mechanism

There is a certain gap between the rotor and stator, which is necessary for heating the water. This process is carried out by rapid movement of liquid along the surface of the disk, which increases the temperature. On average, the rotor moves at approximately 3,000 rpm, which is enough to raise the temperature to 90 degrees.

The second type of cavitation generator is usually called static. Unlike a rotary one, it does not have any rotating parts; in order for cavitation to occur, it needs nozzles. In particular, these are parts of the famous Laval, which are connected to the working chamber.

To operate, a conventional pump is connected, as in a rotary generator, it pumps up pressure in the working chamber, which ensures a higher speed of water movement, and, accordingly, an increase in its temperature. The fluid velocity at the nozzle exit is ensured by the difference in the diameters of the forward and outlet pipes. Its disadvantage is that the efficiency is significantly lower than in a rotary one, especially since it is larger and heavier.

How to make your own generator

The first tubular unit was developed by Potapov. But he did not receive a patent for it, because... Until now, the justification for the operation of an ideal generator is considered incomplete “ideal”; in practice, they also tried to recreate the device by Schauberger and Lazarev. At the moment, it is customary to work according to the drawings of Larionov, Fedoskin, Petrakov, Nikolai Zhuk.

Photo – Potapov vortex cavitation generator

Before starting work, you need to choose a vacuum or non-contact pump (suitable even for wells) according to your parameters. To do this, the following factors must be taken into account:

1. Pump power (separate calculation is made);
2. Required thermal energy;
3. The amount of pressure;
4. Pump type (boost or step down).

Despite huge variety forms and types of cavitators, almost all industrial and household devices made in the form of a nozzle, this form is the simplest and most practical. In addition, it is easy to upgrade, which significantly increases the power of the generator. Before starting work, pay attention to the cross-section of the hole between the confuser and the diffuser. It must be made not too narrow, but not wide either, approximately from 8 to 15 cm. In the first case, you will increase the pressure in the working chamber, but the power will not be high, because The volume of heated water will be relatively small compared to cold water. In addition to these problems, a small difference in cross sections contributes to the saturation of oxygen in the incoming water from the working pipe; this indicator affects the noise level of the pump and the occurrence of cavitation phenomena in the device itself, which, in principle, negatively affects its operation.

Photo – Cavitation heat generator

Cavitation heat generators of heating systems must have expansion chambers. They can have different profile depending on the requirements and required power. Depending on this indicator, the design of the generator may change.

Let's consider the design of the generator:

1. The pipe from which water comes 1 is connected by a flange to a pump, the essence of which is to supply water under a certain pressure into the working chamber.
2. After the water enters the pipe, it must acquire the required speed and pressure. This requires specially selected pipe diameters. Water quickly moves to the center of the working chamber, upon reaching which several flows of liquid are mixed, after which a pressure of energy is formed;
3. To control the fluid speed, a special braking device is used. It needs to be installed at the outlet and exit of the working chamber, this is often done for petroleum products (oil waste, processing or washing), hot water in a household appliance.
4. Through the safety valve, the liquid moves to the opposite pipe, in which the fuel is returned to its starting point using the circulation pump. Due to constant movement, heat and heat are produced, which can be converted into constant mechanical energy.

In principle, the work is simple and based on a similar principle as the vortex device, even the formulas for calculating the heat produced are identical. This:

Epot = - 2 Ekin

Where Ekin =mV2/2 is the movement of the Sun (kinetic, non-constant value);

Planet mass – m, kg.

Price overview

Of course, a cavitation heat generator is practically an anomalous device; it is almost ideal generator, it is difficult to buy, the price is too high. We propose to consider how much a cavitation heating device costs in different cities of Russia and Ukraine:

Cavitation vortex heat generators have more simple drawings, but are somewhat inferior in efficiency. At the moment, there are several market leading companies: rotary hydro-impact pump-heat generator "Radex", NPP "New Technologies", electric shock "Tornado" and electro-hydraulic shock "Vektorplus", mini-appliance for a private home (LATR) TSGC2-3k ( 3 kVA) and Belarusian Yurle-K.

Photo – Tornado Heat Generator

Sales are made at dealership centers and partner stores in Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus and other CIS countries.

Every year, the rise in heating prices forces us to look for cheaper ways to heat living space during the cold season. This especially applies to those houses and apartments that have a large square footage. One such saving method is vortex. It has many advantages and also allows you to save on creation. The simplicity of the design will not make it difficult to assemble even for beginners. Next, we will consider the advantages of this heating method, and also try to draw up a plan for assembling a heat generator with our own hands.

A heat generator is a special device whose main purpose is to generate heat by burning fuel loaded into it. In this case, heat is generated, which is spent on heating the coolant, which in turn directly performs the function of heating the living space.

The first heat generators appeared on the market back in 1856, thanks to the invention of the British physicist Robert Bunsen, who, during a series of experiments, noticed that the heat generated during combustion could be directed in any direction.

Since then, generators have, of course, been modified and are capable of heating a much larger area than they were 250 years ago.

The main criterion by which generators differ from each other is the fuel they load. Depending on this, they distinguish the following types:

1. Diesel heat generators – generate heat as a result of the combustion of diesel fuel. Capable of heating well large areas, but it is better not to use them for the home due to the presence of toxic substances produced as a result of fuel combustion.
2. Gas heat generators operate on the principle of continuous gas supply, burning in a special chamber which also produces heat. It is considered a completely economical option, but installation requires special permission and increased safety.
3. Solid fuel generators are similar in design to a conventional coal furnace, where there is a combustion chamber, a compartment for soot and ash, and a heating element. Convenient for use in open areas, since their operation does not depend on weather conditions.
4. – their operating principle is based on the process of thermal conversion, in which bubbles formed in the liquid provoke a mixed flow of phases, increasing the amount of heat generated.