The time after which the mastic-treated working surface is ready for full use depends on various conditions, which, one way or another, affect the drying of bitumen mastic. The drying speed of the mastic also differs significantly depending on the various additives and bases for its production.
It is necessary to list those external factors, the independent influence of which influences the How long does it take for bitumen mastic to dry?:
- Thickness of the layer of mastic applied to the treated surface;
- Temperature environment and the level of its fluctuation;
- Air humidity level;
- Presence or absence of exposure to direct sunlight;
- The type of material from which the treated surfaces are made.
Hardening and the final consistency of the mastic depends on the rate of evaporation of the chemical solvent contained in this waterproofing material.
Manufacturers of construction bitumen mastics declare average drying time from one day to 3. Various technological features in the manufacture of this material affect this period.
Ways to speed up the drying of mastic
In practice, there are cases when there is a lack of time to carry out construction work does not allow you to wait long for the mastic to dry. In this case, experts resort to quite simple, but effective ways speeding up this process.
Thus, for rapid evaporation of the solvent in the composition of the mastic, when applying it, use notched spatulas. A layer of mastic applied in this way, due to the presence of grooves, and therefore an increase in the evaporation area, dries much faster without significant losses in the quality of the result.
After applying mastic to the surface to be treated, it is necessary to isolate the work site from possible moisture on the surface and protect it from mechanical damage. This will ensure uniform drying of the layer without changes in its thickness.
In the case of processing objects or surfaces that are not outdoors, but indoors, you can use various forced heating systems ( heat guns, heaters, etc.), which will allow to a large extent speed up the drying process of the mastic. However, in these cases, it is important to follow fire safety rules and eliminate as much as possible the possibility of people being in this room, since the vapors released can cause significant damage to human health.
It should be noted that the duration of drying of mastics can also be affected by the shelf life of this material in the packaging.
Drying time of various types of mastics
Despite the fact that bitumen mastics are produced according to the same state standards, Drying times may vary. This indicator, in addition to the external factors described above, may also be influenced by the presence different bases, additives and impurities in the composition of mastic. For example, rubber bitumen mastic, which is used mainly in the field of car repair, has more short term drying, which can amount to from 12 to 24 hours. Bitumen-rubber mastic of the “Universal” brand has a longer drying time - 24 hours.
One of the most popular brands waterproofing mastics "Gidroizol" dries within 24-48 hours after application. Mastics trademark TechnoNIKOL freezes in 24 hours after surface treatment.
– this is a black homogeneous liquid, which is a solution of petroleum bitumen (their softening temperature is not less than 80 degrees Celsius) in organic solvents. The primer contains no foreign inclusions or inhomogeneities. It does not contain toxic solvents such as toluene.
Bitumen primer greatly facilitates waterproofing and roofing work. It allows you to reduce work time and improve the quality of waterproofing.
Kinds.
Bitumen primer comes in two types: ready-to-use and concentrated. Before use, the concentrated primer (concentrate) must be diluted with one of the organic solvents (kerosene, white spirit, gasoline) 1:1.5 or 1:2. This allows you to save on its use, transportation and storage. There is no need to carry out any preliminary procedures with the finished primer other than thorough mixing. It is completely ready for use. This primer is very easy to use. The absence of the need to prepare a primer from a concentrate significantly increases the speed of work.
Application.
Bitumen primer is used for priming surfaces (concrete, reinforced concrete, metal, asbestos cement, wood, porous materials) for waterproofing and roofing work. At the same time, it can be used as an independent waterproofing product, or in combination with other weld-on and self-adhesive roofing materials.
In particular, bitumen primer is used to prepare for waterproofing works:
· Reasons flat roofs,
· Foundations,
· Underground structures and structures,
· Bridge spans,
· Surfaces of metal pipelines.
The product is widely used to protect metals from corrosion.
The primer can be applied to concrete, cement-sand and other rough surfaces. Dusty, porous, uneven surfaces are treated with bitumen primer using nylon brushes or brushes. This method of application guarantees good impregnation of the base with primer, as well as high adhesion with waterproofing materials. Priming surfaces with a bitumen primer will significantly extend the life of waterproofing materials.
For gluing roll materials using a primer to the surface of concrete, reinforced concrete slabs, as well as seams between separate elements completely primed. Each subsequent layer of roll material can be glued only three to four hours after gluing the previous one. Rolled materials are glued with an overlap (at least 100 mm), while cross-gluing is avoided. The glued web is rolled well with a special cylindrical roller.
Qualitative characteristics.
Bitumen primer has a number of excellent performance qualities:
· High adhesion,
· Fast drying,
· No stickiness,
· Waterproofing qualities,
· Heat resistance,
· Prevents corrosion processes,
· Used as an adhesive mastic for gluing roll materials,
Can be used in winter time,
· Has water-displacing properties.
Provides high adhesion of the base to the waterproofing material. At average temperature at 20 degrees Celsius, the surface treated with bitumen primer dries in 12 hours.
If necessary, the product can be used in winter, provided that the working surface is completely cleared of snow, ice, dirt and fragile elements of the previous coating. Before work, it must be dried, and rolled materials warm up in a warm room with an air temperature of at least 15 degrees Celsius throughout the day. Work on the device roll roofing using a bitumen primer can only be carried out if outside temperature air is not lower than -20 degrees.
Working conditions and storage features.
When carrying out work using bitumen primer, it is necessary to ensure good ventilation of the room or work on fresh air. The material is suitable for use if its temperature is above 10 degrees Celsius. If necessary work surface and the primer itself can be warmed up a little. In this case, the primer should not be heated above 40 degrees, and the surface should not be primed near an open fire. When working with a primer you need to use protective clothing and glasses to prevent material from coming into contact with your skin or eyes.
The shelf life is 12 months at air temperatures from -20 to +30 degrees Celsius. The primer should be stored in a dry place, protected from direct sunlight.
The KhimTorgProekt company offers to your attention bitumen primers High Quality(concentrates and ready-to-use).
Bitumen primer belongs to the class of primers that
mirhat.ru
How to work with bitumen mastic. Application methods
Bitumen mastic is an innovative construction material, which has high waterproofing and astringent properties. It contains minerals, bitumen and organic matter. Affordable price and they provided her with a good result wide application in construction.
How and with what to dilute the mastic.
Substances used for dilution:
- White Spirit;
- Petrol;
- Kerosene.
The proportions, which depend on the volume of mastic used, must be strictly observed. Otherwise, this will lead to slow drying of the solution and, as a result, to the loss of its protective qualities.
Methods for applying mastic.
There are two methods of applying mastic: cold and hot. Cold way, in turn, can be manual or mechanized. The first method is suitable if the object is small, and the second is used when the work area is large or hard-to-reach places need to be processed.
For the manual method, large paint brushes, flute brushes are ideal for this type of work. In addition, you can use a short-haired roller.
At mechanically The main tool is an airless sprayer with a pressure of 150 bar.
Bitumen mastic. Consumption per m2.
When installing and repairing soft roofs, consumption rates will be different and depend on the type of mastic:
- BieM - 8 - 10 kg/m²;
- bitumen in briquettes - 4-6 kg/m²;
- bitumen-rubber - 2-5 kg/m²;
- bitumen-polymer - 2-5 kg/m²;
- hydroelastic - 3-5 kg/m².
To seal joints and seams:
- Germabutyl-2M - 0.3 - 0.5 kg/linear meter;
- BC Fix - 0.3 - 0.5 kg/linear meter;
- bitumen in briquettes - 0.5 - 1 kg/linear meter;
- hydroelastic - 0.3-0.5 1 kg/linear meter.
Protection metal coatings from the effects of corrosion:
- bitumen-polymer - 0.5-1.5 kg/m²;
- bitumen-rubber - 0.5-1.5 kg/m²;
- bitumen in briquettes - 0.5-1.5 kg/m².
To waterproof the foundation, we take 2 - 4 kg/m².
How long does it take for mastic to dry?
The average drying time is 1 - 3 days and depends on the following factors:
- ambient temperature;
- air humidity level;
- thickness of the applied layer;
- exposure to direct sunlight;
- processed surface material.
This mastic is excellent option for treating your roof or foundation. Don't forget the importance of good waterproofing. And then your home will serve you for many years.
How to work with bitumen mastic. Video.
o-remonte.com
Bitumen mastic for waterproofing
The construction world is filled with a variety of designs and styles, innovations and inventions of high-performance materials. This is exactly what does modern house safe, environmentally friendly and with a long service life. The main problem that developers have to solve is the impact of external factors on the building. Most actual question– protection from the destructive effects of moisture and waterproofing of buildings. High humidity, climatic phenomena, and groundwater can have an impact bad influence for almost all building materials, including metal reinforcement. As a result of the absorption of moisture by concrete, its integrity is destroyed, which leads to the development of fungus and mold, which can harm human health. But the most negative consequences can be from contact of moisture with metal structures - corrosive processes resulting from liquid contact with metal can destroy the integrity of the entire structure. The leader among all means of protecting buildings from moisture is bitumen mastic for waterproofing, which will be discussed in this article.
Advantages and disadvantages of bitumen mastic
All types of insulation have their own operational and physical and technical characteristics, application features, pros and cons. Choosing suitable material, it is necessary to take into account all this data. Let's take a closer look at the advantages and disadvantages of using bitumen mastic for waterproofing.
Advantages:
- The high elasticity of the mastic contributes to excellent adhesion between it and the surface of the material being processed. Thanks to this, the building structure is reliably protected from contact with moisture and erosion, which is a consequence of such contact.
- Preventing the occurrence and development of the corrosion process metal elements design, which allows you to extend the service life.
- Penetration of mastic into pores and filling of cracks.
- Protection against the appearance and development of pathogenic microflora - mold, fungi.
- Due to its elasticity, with a long service life of the structure and during its shrinkage waterproofing layer is kept intact.
- The speed and ease of application of this coating makes it possible to carry out waterproofing work yourself. These works do not require special skills; the main thing is not to leave even small surface spaces untreated.
- Possibility of replacement adhesive composition on bitumen mastic when installing waterproofing material in rolls.
- The correct selection of mastic for waterproofing will allow you to work with it at almost any temperature.
- Affordable cost and economical use.
Flaws:
- The hardening process of bitumen mastic for waterproofing takes a long time. In this regard, it is necessary to postpone subsequent processes for a certain period of time.
Important! This is not a big drawback, since a well-drafted work plan will allow you to deal with other processes at this time.
- Poor quality mastics can dry out and crack over time. You should carefully select a waterproofing material, not based at all on its cost.
Types of mastics for waterproofing
There are many criteria according to which mastics can be divided into types. When purchasing a material, carefully read the instructions, which indicate the technology of use and information about its composition. Let us consider in more detail the criteria by which bitumen mastics for waterproofing can be divided.
Application technology
The main types of mastic based on application technology are hot and cold.
hot
IN trading network There are many brands of such mastics; the main condition for their use is mandatory heating to a certain temperature. This liquid mastic for waterproofing varies in heat resistance - there are Maximum temperature, to which the composition needs to be brought so that it can be used as an independent waterproofing or as an adhesive for rolled material.
Hot compounds are mainly used by professional builders. When working with such material, it is necessary to strictly follow certain process technology and safety regulations in order to avoid injuries. If you have no experience working with hot mastics, contact specialists or use cold bitumen mastic for waterproofing.
Important! This type of coating material is mainly used in regions with harsh winters.
Cold
Cold applied waterproofing compounds can also be found in various brands. Before use, the material does not require special preliminary preparation, you just need to mix thoroughly.
Important! When working in cold weather, some types of mastics need to be heated to certain temperatures. To carry out such work, you should only choose quality materials, which are produced by trusted companies.
Solvent
To bring the mastic to a more liquid consistency, you should use only the solvent on the basis of which it was produced - these can be organic solvents or water.
Number of components
On sale you can find two types of mastics - one-component and two-component.
One-component
To use this type of waterproofing, you just need to thoroughly mix the composition and apply it to the wall surface prepared for treatment.
Two-component
Before using such waterproofing, it is necessary to combine two components in certain proportions. The composition should be prepared immediately before use, as it hardens quickly. In this regard, you need to work with it quickly. The two-component mixture, when closed, has a longer shelf life and high durability during operation.
Important! High price and the complexity of use does not contribute to the widespread use of such a composition.
Hardening
According to the state of hardening, there are those that remain in a semi-solid state or harden completely.
Composition of components
Depending on the components included in the mastic, you can find a varied number of mixtures; let’s look at them in more detail.
Bitumen-mineral mastic
The composition of such bitumen mastic for waterproofing can include cement, asbestos, limestone, chalk, dolomite or quartz, crushed into fine powder. The mass of these components is no more than 20% of the total mass of the composition. This mastic also contains a plasticizer in an amount of at least 5%.
The plasticizer in cold mastics is lacoil or oil solvent. It does not harden in air and can withstand various hydraulic, vibration and mechanical loads without damage.
Important! This mastic is best used for waterproofing parts of the foundation in the recess.
Bitumen-rubber mastic
Fine synthetic rubber or rubber powder, which is part of such a rubber mixture for waterproofing, in combination with petroleum bitumen makes the mastic more elastic. The plasticizer is special mineral oil and mineral fillers. The composition is made on the basis of an organic solvent.
Commercially available dry (in powder form) bitumen-rubber mastics. Before use, they need to be poured into a container, put on fire and heated to the temperature indicated on the package. The consumption of such mastic, depending on the thickness of the layer, is 1.5-2 kg per square meter.
Important! This mastic is one of the most affordable, the service life of the coating is 15-20 years.
Bitumen-rubber mastic
Reliable, dense and elastic protective covering will provide from moisture bitumen mixture for waterproofing with rubber, which has good viscosity. Like the previous type, it is diluted with a solvent if necessary. Each layer dries from 6 to 12 hours. Depending on the thickness of the applied layer, the porosity of the base, temperature and humidity of the environment, the consumption is 0.75-1.5 liters per square meter. For education high-quality coating For better adhesion to the surface being treated, it is recommended to moisten the structure a little.
Important! When working with rubber mastic, it is not necessary to treat the base with a primer.
Bitumen-polymer mastic
Water-emulsion bitumen-polymer mastic for waterproofing contains one or more modified polymers. Polymer compositions perfectly protect building structures from moisture, and are also good protection of premises from the penetration of radon from the soil. Drying time - 6-8 hours.
Important! The absence of organic solvents and, as a consequence, strong odors, allows this mixture to be used not only for external treatment of walls, but also for interior work.
Bitumen-latex mastic
Like the previous type, this is a water-based composition. Industrially synthesized rubber – latex – has improved characteristics. There are one-component formulations on sale that are used cold. They can be used in frosty weather without heating.
Preparing surfaces for applying a waterproofing layer involves treating them with a primer. To do this, just dilute the mastic in water in a 1:1 ratio.
Bitumen-oil mastic
Frost-resistant mixture, ideal for processing any materials. Such waterproofing can be carried out inside and outside recessed structures.
The mixture should be diluted with white spirit, gasoline or solvent. Consumption of the composition is from 1 to 1.5 liters per square meter.
Bitumen primer
This mixture has a more liquid consistency and is intended to prepare the surfaces to be treated for applying the main layer of mastic. It is prepared by diluting, depending on the base, to the desired consistency with water or a solvent.
It can be applied to the surface with a brush, roller or a special spray bottle. After application, you need to let it dry for 1-5 hours, depending on the base.
Requirements for waterproofing mastics
Durable and durable coating can be obtained if the purchased mixture meets the following requirements:
- Study the label, paying attention to the production date and all necessary characteristics.
- Homogeneity and absence of foreign inclusions. They can create air bubbles and weaken the moisture protection properties of the material.
- The composition should be easy to apply and elastic.
- The composition does not contain toxic components that can release substances harmful to humans.
- The heat resistance of the foundation waterproofing composition must be at least 70 degrees.
- For good gluing of rolled webs or adhesion to the base, the mixture must have high adhesion.
- Any bitumen mastic for waterproofing must be completely waterproof.
- The waterproofing layer must always retain its properties after hardening. physical and mechanical characteristics throughout the entire period of operation. Pay attention to the operating temperatures indicated by the manufacturer.
Basic techniques for applying waterproofing
Creating a protective waterproofing layer is not difficult, but this process takes a lot of time.
First stage
Before starting work, carefully inspect the surface for cracks, and if there are any, they need to be repaired:
- Defects in the foundation, if necessary, are tightened with metal ties, which consist of reinforcing strips 3-5 mm thick or staples with a diameter of 10-12 mm.
Important! Carrying out this procedure is mandatory, since if this is not done, moisture will destroy the concrete, getting deep into the wall, and the waterproofing will be useless.
- First of all, cracks and depressions need to be widened as much as possible. Small cracks are first filled with a deep penetration primer, and then filled with a sealant that is intended for external use.
- To repair a large crack, you first need to secure the tightening elements, treat it with a primer and then fill it to the entire width and depth with concrete adhesive or concrete mortar.
- It is recommended to first reinforce the brick foundation metal mesh, apply plaster, only then proceed to insulation work. This treatment should be carried out over the entire surface of the foundation.
Second phase
The next step is priming the walls with a bitumen primer. The primer consists of a solvent and bitumen mastic for waterproofing. This mixture can be purchased at finished form or mix these two components yourself in a 1:1 ratio.
Important! This process is necessary to strengthen the surface and bind dust residues on the wall surface, thereby creating good basis for applying the main layer of waterproofing.
The primer fills small cracks and pores, creates a smooth waterproof surface, eliminates excessive absorption of the material being processed, and as a result, reduces the consumption of the base composition.
Features:
- The primer (primer) is convenient to apply with a brush or brush, as it has a liquid consistency.
- To make work more comfortable, the tool can be attached to a long handle.
- Apply primer evenly to the surface to be treated and leave to dry for 3-12 hours.
Third stage
After the primer has dried, apply a layer of the selected bitumen mastic for waterproofing. Several layers can be applied.
Important! Four layers of waterproofing, alternating with fiberglass, protect the walls from any moisture, and also provide additional reinforcement for the surfaces. This kind of waterproofing is called heavy.
Using a trowel or wide spatula, apply waterproofing to the surface and spread evenly over the wall.
Important! Each layer of applied material must dry thoroughly; be sure to pay attention to the packaging, which indicates the time required for this.
Other nuances:
- You can also use bitumen mastic for waterproofing for gluing roofing felt. To do this, after applying the primer, a layer of mastic is applied. For better adhesion Before gluing the roofing felt sheets, it is recommended to warm up the mastic layer.
- Cover the dried, treated foundation walls with thermal insulation material before carrying out subsequent construction work. This material will protect waterproofing coating from damage.
Working with bitumen mastic in winter
When carrying out work in winter, when the ambient temperature is up to 30 degrees below zero, use bitumen-nairite mastic. Successful implementation of waterproofing work will be facilitated by the following recommendations:
- If the work does not involve the use of roofing felt and mastic is the main material for insulation from moisture, the wall surface to be treated must be heated to above-zero temperatures. To do this, you can use heat guns or gas burners.
- Preparation of mastic for use should take place in a warm room located at a short distance from the work.
- During fog, snow, rain and high humidity Waterproofing work cannot be carried out.
- In cases where there is a great need to carry out waterproofing in the winter season, it is recommended to equip special structures - greenhouses. This is a structure made of metal or timber, which is erected at the work site and covered with plastic film. Heating devices are turned on inside such a structure. With the help of greenhouses, it is possible to heat the foundation to a positive temperature. When heating waterproofing mixtures, you need to use electrically heated mixers.
Important! Do not use open fire to avoid creating hazardous conditions for the life and health of workers.
In winter, the waterproofing process is a little different. In the place where the hothouse is installed, all layers of mastic are applied, then the hothouse is moved further and all waterproofing work is carried out in the next area. Such processes are called work captures.
Important! When the warm season begins, you should check the results of the work carried out in winter. All identified defects must be corrected immediately.
Video material
You have the basic information you need to know about working with bitumen mastic for waterproofing. If you follow our recommendations, the work will not cause much trouble.
serviceyard.net
Types of bitumen mastic for waterproofing, calculation of quantity and application
A house built with love needs protection, and, above all, from moisture. The quality of waterproofing directly determines how long the foundation and roof will last. Among all the diversity modern materials There is one that provides tight, seamless protection from water even in hard-to-reach places and on difficult surfaces at an affordable price - this is bitumen mastic.
Nowadays, bitumen mastic is a “cocktail” of natural bitumen (one of the petroleum products) and synthetic modifier components that increase the service life of the coating, adhesion to the surface and ease of application. It is suitable not only for waterproofing surfaces made of brick, concrete and wood, but also for filling uneven surfaces, filling cracks, gluing roofing felt and membranes. Mastic has such obvious advantages as high elasticity, the ability to adhere to almost any surface, the absence of cracks and breaks for a long time, immunity to aggressive environmental influences.
Types of mastics
Modern mastics various manufacturers, based on bitumen, differ in properties and composition of additives. Main groups:
- bitumen mastics are a traditional inexpensive material,
- rubber bitumen mastics – coating with increased elasticity and resistance to external influences,
- bitumen-emulsion mastics - intended for pre-treatment of surfaces before waterproofing, also called “primers” (you can read about them here), they have a more liquid consistency,
- bitumen-polymer mastics – compounds with additives from artificial rubber, plasticizers, solvents that increase the service life and quality of the coating.
Based on the method of application, mastics are divided into cold and hot. To cover hot mastic it requires preheating gas burner or in a special tank, the advantage of cold mastics is that they do not require this time-consuming and dangerous operation. However, heated mastics penetrate faster and deeper into the pores of the material being processed; they can be recommended in cases where increased protection is required and heating equipment is available.
There are one- and two-component mastics. The first ones are already completely ready for application; they only need to be thoroughly mixed immediately before use. The latter require adding active composition, after which they begin to quickly harden. The advantage of two-component mastics is a longer shelf life - over a year, while for one-component mastics it is significantly shorter.
Bituminous mastic, intended directly for waterproofing, contains a sealant that, after hardening, forms a dense protective layer. It may also contain antiseptics and herbicides for additional protection buildings from mold.
On domestic market bitumen mastic is the most popular Russian manufacturers, as well as Italian and Polish compositions.
Quantity calculation
When purchasing bitumen mastic, it is worth taking into account that its consumption varies greatly depending on the brand, manufacturer and, most importantly, on the material and porosity of the surface. On average, it is 250 g/m2. Mastic is applied to improve waterproofing in two layers. Before purchasing, you should clarify whether it is necessary to first use a primer for the mastic, as well as additional dilution with solvents.
Waterproofing with mastic
Bitumen mastic is applied quite simply without using special equipment. First, the surface is thoroughly cleaned of debris and dust and completely dried, although now there are mastics that can be used to cover wet surface. Mastic can be laid on the old bitumen coating if it has retained its integrity, metal constructions with traces of rust. Sharp protruding edges and edges are dangerous for the integrity of mastic waterproofing, so before work you need to make sure that they are absent and remove all sharp protrusions.
If necessary, apply 1-2 layers of primer or primer in advance using a roller, brush or spray.
For cold mastic A wide flat brush or roller is sufficient, or a wide spatula for thicker compositions. You can apply the mastic in bulk and then level it, the main thing is to ensure the uniform thickness of the coating. The layers must be solid, the stripes must be parallel to each other. If the mastic is applied to vertical surface, then this is done from the bottom up.
External waterproofing of the foundation and basement is carried out by applying 2-4 layers of bitumen mastic with a total thickness of 2 to 6 cm, reinforced with reinforcing mesh. The thickness of the coating depends on the depth of the foundation and the level groundwater. For walls, 2 layers are enough. A new layer of mastic is applied only after the previous one has completely dried. Drying time depends on the composition of the product, temperature and humidity of the environment. The dried layer stops sticking to your hands. Violation of this rule may lead to peeling or deterioration of the adhesion of the mastic to the surface.
Properly applied mastic will protect the foundation, basement, walls and roof for 20-50 years.
masterim.guru
Working with bitumen mastics and primers in the winter: features and tips
Many are confident that working with bitumen mastics and roofing materials
impossible in winter.
This is not entirely true. Everything is possible. ABOUT roofing materials we will talk in a separate article, but
For now, let's focus on bitumen mastics.
Indeed, when low temperatures Working with mastics is difficult.
The bitumen thickens and hardens, begins to crack and, in addition to problems with
carrying out the work, there is a risk of losing the properties of the mastic itself.
The most common work carried out in winter period- this is a gasket
communications, which is largely due to the need to carry out
repair work in case of accidents.
Often, to save money when carrying out such work, they take the cheapest
mastic from those on the market, but in winter this saving becomes
even more conditional, since labor costs for its preparation for use can
exceed the amount saved. It is in this case that the ideal option
use will be MBI mastic, which is produced with waste oil in
as a solvent. Bitumen-oil mastic is less susceptible to hardening when
low temperatures and feels great at sub-zero temperatures,
because it is non-drying.
Ant-Snab does not throw its clients into difficult situations and gives a series
recommendations for working with bitumen mastics in winter:
1. In winter, all mastics must be heated, be sure to open them before
cover. If you have the opportunity to store closed buckets of mastic in
heated room, then it will probably be possible to do without heating.
2. You need to correctly calculate the amount of bitumen mastic before starting
works We are talking not only about the total quantity, but, as they say, “for now”,
to open as many buckets as needed and use them immediately.
It is not advisable to leave open buckets in winter.
3. If after heating, mastic or bitumen
primer all
still seem thick, they should be diluted with white spirit, kerosene, gasoline
or nefras to the desired consistency. As we already said,
We hope that this information will be useful to you and the work will be
completed with high quality and on time.
Yours, Ant-Snab
ant-snab.ru
Do-it-yourself foundation treatment with bitumen mastic
When constructing a foundation, it is necessary to take care of its waterproofing. If you do not protect it from moisture, it will gradually deteriorate. As a result, the construction will come to emergency condition. To ensure reliable waterproofing of the foundation, it is recommended to use bitumen. It is sold in construction stores in the form of mastic. Its consumption is very economical, while it will be possible to perfectly protect the foundation of the house from moisture for many years.
Before treating the foundation with a water repellent, you need to walk over the surface with an antiseptic.
The main advantages of bitumen mastic
Treatment of foundations with bitumen has become widespread because such a waterproofing material has many advantages. The most important advantage is that the mastic is highly elastic. Thanks to this important characteristic the material provides reliable adhesion to the surface protected from moisture. As a result, after drying, the bitumen mastic does not crack. It remains intact for a very long time.
Another advantage is its low cost. Thanks to this, it will be possible to waterproof the foundation at minimal cost, which will reduce the cost of building the house as a whole.
The use of bitumen mastic provides the following results:
A properly insulated foundation protects the waterproofing of the house, as well as reducing heating costs in winter.
- suppression of the occurrence of corrosion centers;
- effective protection building structure from exposure to moisture;
- increasing the service life of building elements several times, while fully maintaining their functionality.
The mastic itself is a homogeneous mass composition. Its main components are modifiers, a solvent and a bitumen base, which is a by-product of oil distillation, remaining after the extraction of fuel oil, diesel fuel, kerosene and gasoline. In addition, the mastic may contain antiseptics and herbicides.
Bitumen is offered for waterproofing foundations in wide range. Finding the right composition to suit your requirements is easy.
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Technology for applying bitumen mastic
Treatment of the foundation with bitumen mastic should be carried out in several stages. It is necessary to strictly follow the technology, then the result will meet expectations.
Bitumen mastic is excellent for waterproofing foundations.
The following will be required for waterproofing work:
- Bulgarian;
- construction hair dryer;
- cement mortar;
- soft ground;
- primer;
- mastic;
- brush or roller;
- putty knife.
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Stage 1: surface preparation
You need to start waterproofing with bitumen mastic by preparing the base. You need to pay attention to its surface. If it is noticed that it has a large number of shells and bubbles, then it will need to be rubbed with fine-grained cement mortar, which is prepared from special dry mixtures. If this work is not done, then the freshly applied layer of mastic will begin to burst. As a result, the foundation waterproofing will become of poor quality and will need to be done again.
The presence of so-called scallops on the surface of the base, which have sharp protrusions, is also unacceptable. They will need to be removed. To do this, take a grinder with a suitable attachment and walk it along the base. At the same time, you will need to process the corners of the foundation. They should be cut as a chamfer or they can simply be slightly rounded (radius from 3 to 6 cm). Where there are transitions from a horizontal to a vertical surface, it will be necessary to arrange fillets; they will provide the required smoothness for pairing the elements.
To reduce the consumption of bitumen mastic, it is necessary to prime the foundation surface.
After carrying out such work, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the foundation from dirt, dust and construction debris. Then you need to take care of reducing the humidity of the waterproofed surface. This is where a hair dryer comes to the rescue. They will need to dry out the entire foundation. If this is not done, the mastic may swell and subsequently peel off completely.
To be sure that the foundation surface is sufficiently dry, you can perform a simple test. Should take plastic film(1x1 m) and place it on the prepared base, after which it must be left for 24 hours. If after this period condensation does not appear under it, then you can safely apply bitumen, but if it is present, you will need to dry the surface more thoroughly.
The reinforced concrete foundation is operated in the ground and needs protection from moisture. Coating waterproofing is the simplest technology, which does not require high professionalism when processing with your own hands. Depending on the plasticizer, filler and the required level of protection for power structures, mastic consumption and drying time vary.
Treating 1 m² of surface with bitumen resin is very expensive; the film “flows” in the heat and cracks in the cold. Therefore, modern mastics contain components that improve the properties of the material:
- plasticizer - rubber crumbs, latex resin, rubber, mineral oil;
- filler – ash, brick dust, quartz, lime;
- reinforcing additives – asbestos, basalt wool;
- inhibitors – metal corrosion retarders.
Cold (liquid) mastic.
Cold mastic is more convenient to work with and hardens immediately after the solvent evaporates. Hot waterproofing for the foundation is preheated to 160 - 180 degrees, and hardens as it cools.
The average consumption for a single-layer application per 1 m² by hand is:
- hot waterproofing – 2 kg (2 mm film layer);
- water base – 1 – 1.5 kg (film 0.6 – 1.2 mm);
- on solvent – 1 – 1.5 kg (0.5 – 1 mm film).
Hot (hard) mastic
IN normal conditions(no precipitation, 20 degrees) cold mastic dries in 5-24 hours (solvent, dispersion, respectively), hot modifications harden in 4 hours. When choosing which layer is better to apply than to cover reinforced concrete structures, the following factors are taken into account:
- terms of work;
- coating consumption;
- atmospheric conditions;
- price of materials;
- resource of the film layer.
The minimum permissible outside air temperature is -5 degrees for hot products, solvent-based mastics. For water-based compositions this threshold is +5 degrees, but twice the base humidity is allowed (8% instead of 4%).
If for most paint and varnish compositions the important characteristic is hiding power, then for mastics the “dry residue” is much more important. This property is indicated by most manufacturers on the packaging; it allows you to determine how much of the substance remains on the surface after hardening. It is preferable to use waterproofing coatings with a dry residue of 60–70% rather than 20–40%, since the overall consumption of material and labor costs is reduced.
Hot mastics are cheaper, comply with GOST 2889, but require additional equipment(heating, application). The main characteristics of the most popular waterproofing coatings are:
- Bitumen-rubber mastic – 25-year service life, suitable for inclined surfaces of 45 degrees (does not slide when heated), frost resistance -60 degrees, permissible operational heating +100 degrees, antiseptic, smooth coating, no heating required.
- Rubber-bitumen coating - drying - 24 hours, strength development - 7 days, the film is vibration-resistant, tear-resistant (tensile 200%).
- Bitumen-oil modifications are cheaper than others, are not afraid of heat, frost, do not form a film, the coating is considered self-healing, and are not suitable for treating inclined planes.
- Bitumen-latex mastic - suitable for use from -35 to +80 degrees, reliably seals the seams of rolled insulation, is suitable for gluing materials, and can withstand pressure pressure.
To seal the seams of prefabricated strip foundations, it is better to use special compounds. For example, waterproofing plasters, penetrating mixtures.
Surface preparation
All do-it-yourself work must be done without violating SNiP 3.04.01 (insulation), SP 45.13330 (foundations), MDS manual 12-34, and recommendations of the Institute of Industrial Buildings. In order to better roll the material over the surface of the foundation and increase adhesion when brushing, it is necessary to perform the following operations:
- surface cleaning - random solution, film residues, chips from board formwork must be removed;
- sealing technological seams - relevant for prefabricated tapes made of FBS blocks; a waterstop, sealant or swelling cord is used depending on the groundwater level (GWL) and the presence of pressure pressure;
- leveling - the films formed after hardening of bitumen mastic are highly elastic, so it is enough to seal only large cavities and level the seams with special plasters (moisture-resistant modifications).
Waterproofing must be continuous - any untreated area or large scratch from a stone during backfilling will negate the effectiveness of the work. Therefore, the outer and inner edges of the reinforced concrete tape (if the house does not have a basement) and its upper surface are processed.
The vertical layer must be connected to a waterproofing carpet under the foundation base, the edges of which must be exposed before pouring the MZLF. They are glued to the walls with tape, and the transition areas of the coating/roll waterproofing are treated with 3 – 4 layers of insulation.
Then concrete surfaces The foundation must be treated with a special primer. These can be diluted bitumen mastics or a polymer primer. It binds dust, strengthens surface layer, improves wettability, fills pores.
The characteristics of the material are as follows:
- consumption – 0.2 – 0.4 l per 1 m²;
- drying – 1 hour for emulsion, 6 – 12 hours for bitumen, 15 minutes for polymer.
The material is easy to apply with your own hands (brush, roller), it increases the cost of building a foundation by 7 - 10 rubles/m2 maximum.
Application
One-component mixtures are ready for use; two-component mixtures should be mixed with your own hands according to the instructions on the package. In the latter case, it is necessary to pay attention to the lifespan of the material - immediately after mixing the bitumen base with the hardener, the mixture begins to harden. It is necessary to take into account the configuration of the foundation, the availability of access in all areas, and realistically assess your own productivity in order to manage to develop the entire volume.
Applying mastic to the surface.
Depending on the consistency, required thickness layer, configuration strip foundation bitumen waterproofing is applied with a sprayer, roller, brush, spatula:
- recommended overlap of strips 5 cm;
- consumption about 1.3 kg per 1 m²;
- processing concrete from bottom to top.
In the corners, the waterproofing is usually reinforced with fiberglass.
The next layer of cold mastic begins to be applied to the still wet previous one. To improve the quality of waterproofing, a reinforcing layer (fiberglass, polymer plaster mesh) is usually laid between the layers. On finishing coat You can apply coarse sand, which increases the strength of the film several times. The consumption in each subsequent layer is slightly reduced, since the lower film of bitumen mastic levels the wall.
Fiberglass can be used to reinforce corners.
backfilling
Experts repeatedly remind us of the need for a continuous layer of waterproofing. At the stage of backfilling the sinuses of the foundation pit, bitumen mastic is easily damaged by stones and gravel. Therefore, it is recommended to use fine non-metallic materials (for example sand), which additionally protect the tape from tangential swelling forces. Consumption will increase, but the quality of the waterproofing film layer will ensure maximum service life
The thermal insulation circuit completely solves the problem of protecting bitumen mastic:
- pasting outer surface foundation strips with extruded polystyrene foam;
- insulation of the blind area at a level of 30 - 40 cm from the ground surface.
Budget expenditure in in this case completely justified for an exploited underground floor. The insulation moves the dew point outward, preventing fogging interior walls. However, in the absence ground floor insulation is often not needed; in this case, the waterproofing can be protected with a layer of geotextile.
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Bitumen mastic is an innovative building material that has high waterproofing and astringent properties. It contains minerals, bitumen and organic matter. Affordable price and good results ensured its widespread use in construction.
- 1 How and with what to dilute the mastic.
- 2 Methods of applying mastic.
- 3 Bitumen mastic. Consumption per m2.
- 4 How long does it take for mastic to dry?
- 5 How to work with bitumen mastic. Video.
1. How and with what to dilute the mastic.
Substances used for dilution:
- White Spirit;
- Petrol;
- Kerosene.
The proportions, which depend on the volume of mastic used, must be strictly observed. Otherwise, this will lead to slow drying of the solution and, as a result, to the loss of its protective qualities.
2. Methods of applying mastic.
There are two methods of applying mastic: cold and hot. The cold method, in turn, can be manual or mechanized. The first method is suitable if the object is small, and the second is used when the work area is large or hard-to-reach places need to be processed.
For the manual method, large paint brushes are used; flute brushes are ideal for this type of work. In addition, you can use a short-haired roller.
In the mechanical method, the main tool is an airless sprayer with a pressure of 150 bar.
3. Bitumen mastic. Consumption per m2.
When installing and repairing soft roofs, consumption rates will be different and depend on the type of mastic:
- BieM - 8 - 10 kg/m²;
- bitumen in briquettes - 4-6 kg/m²;
- bitumen-rubber - 2-5 kg/m²;
- bitumen-polymer - 2-5 kg/m²;
- hydroelastic - 3-5 kg/m².
To seal joints and seams:
- Germabutyl-2M - 0.3 - 0.5 kg/linear meter;
- BC Fix - 0.3 - 0.5 kg/linear meter;
- bitumen in briquettes - 0.5 - 1 kg/linear meter;
- hydroelastic - 0.3-0.5 1 kg/linear meter.
Protection of metal coatings from corrosion:
- bitumen-polymer - 0.5-1.5 kg/m²;
- bitumen-rubber - 0.5-1.5 kg/m²;
- bitumen in briquettes - 0.5-1.5 kg/m².
To waterproof the foundation, we take 2 - 4 kg/m².
4. How long does it take for mastic to dry?
The average drying time is 1 - 3 days and depends on the following factors:
- ambient temperature;
- air humidity level;
- thickness of the applied layer;
- exposure to direct sunlight;
- processed surface material.
This mastic is an excellent option for treating your roof or foundation. Don't forget the importance of good waterproofing. And then your home will serve you for many years.
